Negative Osmosis

Forward Osmosis as a Pre-treatment to Reverse Osmosis

This paper presents some aspects of forward osmosis coupled with reverse osmosis using a recirculating draw solution, to produce desalinated water or for dewatering/concentrating a feed stream, with some data provided from a number of operational sites. Many of these aspects are applicable to other osmotic processes and provide an insight into where they may be appropriately considered. A compa...

Osmosis of Liquids

The present paper is a continuation of the series entitled "Equilibria in systems, in which the phases are separated by a semipermeable membrane," which have appeared in the proceedings of the Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen (Amsterdam, Holland). In this paper I shall discuss in a simple form some of these results, viz. the osmosis of ternary liquids. The reader can find the thermodynami...

Observations on Electro-Osmosis.

as regards thle ilnumber and duration of the observa-itiolls possil)le, als w\ell as in coiise(lueCiee of the relatively low streingtli of cuirrentt necess.arily employed when it was desired to preserve uiiiiijured the vitality of tlle liviing surface to which the currenit wi-as applied. Sinice living mnattei is largely colloidal it d-asdeterminied to study a,s far as p)ossible electroosmosis i...

Reverse Osmosis Field Study

The Kinetics of Osmosis

It is shown that by combining the osmotic pressure and rate of diffusion laws an equation can be derived for the kinetics of osmosis. The equation has been found to agree with experiments on the rate of osmosis for egg albumin and gelatin solutions with collodion membranes.